Guru Granth Sahib includes four hymns and one hundred and twelve slogas of Baba Fariduddin Shakargnj, a sufi saint and an eminent Punjabi poet who livedĭuring 1173-1266 AD. The Sikh scripture, Adi Grantha, known as Guru Granth Sahib is one of the earliest texts in Punjabi written in the Gurumukhi script. The Gurmukhi script is based on Devanagri (the script in which Sanskrit was originally written). Shahmukhi and Gurumukhi are used to write Punjabi. Punjabi literary works found its opening only very late, even though Punjabi is an ancient language. The Gurmukhi script was derived from Brahmi used for Asoka's edicts and was known long before the Guru along with the vowel signs. Actually Punjabi is the language and Gurmukhi is one of its scripts. Punjabi and Gurmukhi are considered as two different languages, the first as one what is in common use and the second as one used to write the Guru Granth Sahib. Punjabi speaking Sikhs write Punjabi in the Gurmukhi script, which was developed by Guru Andgad dev. Punjabi speaking Muslims use Shahmukhi (Perso-Arabic script written from right to left). There are two main scripts which are used to write Punjabi. They are Majhi, Jhangochi or Rachnavi, Shahpuri, Pothowari, Hindko, Malwi, Doabi and Pwadhi. Different dialects of Punjabi are in vogue in different parts.
The early Punjabi literature has had a very rich oral tradition and was principally spiritual in nature.Muslim Sufi, Sikh and Hindu writers composed many works in Punjabi between 16.īaba Bulleh Shah was the most famous Punjabi Sufi poet who put Saraiki language culture into the Punjabi Language. Many ancient Sufi mystics and later Guru Nanak Dev, the first Guru of the Sikhism started the literary tradition in Punjabi. Though the majority of Punjabi speaking population live in Pakistan, the language has not yet gained official status in Pakistan.Punjabi is a successor of the chief language of medieval northern India called Sauraseni Prakrit.It emerged as an independent language in the 11th century from the Sauraseni Apabhramsa (a spoken colloquial dialect during the 5th century BC). It is one of the official languages of Delhi and the second language of Haryana.Punjabi is the provincial language of Punjab, the largest province of Pakistan. Punjabi is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab and the shared state capital Chandigarh. It is the 11th most widely spoken language in the world. It nearly resembles Hindi and Urdu and is spoken by approximately 88 million native speakers.
Punjabi is spoken mainly in the states of Punjab both in India and Pakistan as well as in their Diasporas. It is distantly associated with English which is a member of the same Indo-European language family. Punjabi is one of the Indian languages that belongs to the outer-circle of the Indo-Aryan languages.
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